✔ Written and medically reviewed by Dr. Vaishnavi Karmawat, B.V.Sc. & A.H., Registered Veterinary Practitioner · Last reviewed 9 November 2026 · Editorial policy
Confused by a word on your pet’s vet report or prescription? This English–Hindi vet terms dictionary explains 282 common veterinary words in plain language: diseases, symptoms, blood tests, medicines and procedures, plus livestock and poultry terms used by Indian farmers. Search in English or Hindi, filter by category, and tap any term to read its meaning and our full guide.
A
Abscess · फोड़ा (मवाद भरा) Disease
A pocket of pus under the skin or inside an organ, usually after a bite, wound or thorn. It is hot, swollen and painful, and needs draining by a vet, often with antibiotics.
ACTH stimulation test · एसीटीएच स्टिमुलेशन टेस्ट Test
Measures cortisol before and after an injection of ACTH hormone. It confirms Addison’s disease and helps diagnose Cushing’s disease. Read more →
Acute · अचानक / तीव्र Symptom
Starting suddenly and usually lasting a short time. The opposite of chronic.
Addison’s disease (hypoadrenocorticism) Disease
The adrenal glands make too little cortisol and aldosterone. Signs come and go: vomiting, weakness, shaking, and sometimes sudden collapse (Addisonian crisis), which is an emergency.
AHDS (haemorrhagic gastroenteritis) · खूनी दस्त (एएचडीएस) Disease
Sudden, large-volume, bloody ‘raspberry jam’ diarrhoea, mostly in small breeds. Dogs can go into shock within hours and need IV fluids. Read more →
Albumin and A:G ratio · एल्ब्यूमिन (रक्त प्रोटीन) Test
Albumin is the main blood protein made by the liver; low albumin causes fluid swelling and is seen with liver, kidney and gut disease. An albumin:globulin (A:G) ratio below 0.4 in a feverish cat with a fluid-filled belly strongly suggests FIP.
Alopecia · बाल झड़ना (गंजे पैच) Symptom
Hair loss, in patches or all over the body. Common causes are mange, ringworm, allergies, hormonal disease and over-grooming. Read more →
ALP (alkaline phosphatase) · एएलपी (क्षारीय फॉस्फेटेज) Test
An enzyme from the liver and bones. Mildly high values are normal in growing puppies; in adult dogs a high ALP often points to bile-duct problems, Cushing’s disease or steroid medicines. Read more →
ALT / SGPT · एएलटी / एसजीपीटी (लिवर एंजाइम) Test
A liver enzyme on blood reports, called SGPT in many Indian labs. High levels mean liver cells are inflamed or damaged, for example from tick fever, leptospirosis, toxins or some medicines. Your vet reads it together with ALP, bilirubin and how your pet is doing.
Anaemia · खून की कमी Disease
A low number of red blood cells. Signs are pale gums, weakness, tiredness and fast breathing. In India it often follows tick fever, hookworms or blood loss. Read more →
Anaesthesia (general) · बेहोशी की दवा Procedure & care
Medicines that make an animal fully unconscious and pain-free for surgery or dental work. Safe anaesthesia includes blood tests beforehand, a breathing tube, IV fluids and monitoring.
Anal glands (anal sacs) · गुदा ग्रंथियाँ Anatomy & breeds
Two small scent glands at about the 4 and 8 o’clock positions beside the anus. Normal, firm stool squeezes them empty; blocked glands cause scooting. Read more →
Anal sac impaction · गुदा ग्रंथि का भर जाना Disease
The two small scent glands beside the anus become blocked, causing scooting, licking and a fishy smell. They can become infected or burst. Read more →
Anaphylaxis · गंभीर एलर्जी Disease
A sudden, life-threatening allergic reaction (to a sting, vaccine or drug) with swelling, vomiting, collapse or breathing difficulty. Emergency treatment includes adrenaline. Read more →
Anaplasmosis · एनाप्लाज़मोसिस (टिक बुखार) Disease
A tick-borne bacterial infection that causes fever, joint pain, low platelets and bleeding. It is one of the tick fevers and is treated with doxycycline. Read more →
Anoestrus · गर्मी में न आना (एनएस्ट्रस) Livestock & poultry
A cow or buffalo that does not come into heat after calving or at breeding age. Common causes are poor nutrition, mineral deficiency, summer heat stress and low body condition; a mineral mixture and a vet check of the ovaries usually help. Read more →
Anorexia (inappetence) · भूख न लगना Symptom
Not eating. A cat that eats nothing for more than 1–2 days risks serious liver disease (hepatic lipidosis). Read more →
Anthrax · गिल्टी रोग / तिल्ली ज्वर Livestock & poultry
A sudden, fatal bacterial disease of livestock that can infect people. Animals may die with tarry blood from the nose or anus; never open the carcass, report it to the veterinary department and keep people away.
Antibiotic · एंटीबायोटिक Medicine
A medicine that kills or stops bacteria. It does not work against viruses. Give the full course exactly as prescribed to avoid resistance.
Antibody titre · एंटीबॉडी टाइटर Test
A blood test that measures antibody levels, for example against parvovirus, distemper or rabies. It shows whether a vaccine has worked and is required for some international pet travel. Read more →
Antiemetic · उल्टी रोकने की दवा Medicine
An anti-vomiting medicine, such as maropitant or ondansetron. Read more →
Antihistamine · एंटी-एलर्जी दवा Medicine
A medicine that blocks histamine, used for mild allergic reactions (e.g. cetirizine, pheniramine/Avil). It helps only some itchy pets. Read more →
Arthritis (osteoarthritis) · गठिया / जोड़ों का दर्द Disease
Wear and inflammation of the joints causing stiffness, limping and reluctance to climb or jump. Common in older and overweight pets and large breeds. Read more →
Artificial insemination (AI) · कृत्रिम गर्भाधान Livestock & poultry
Placing semen from a tested, high-quality bull into the uterus of a cow or buffalo in heat. It is cheap, prevents spread of breeding diseases and improves milk yield of the next generation. Read more →
Ascites · पेट में पानी भरना Symptom
Fluid collecting in the abdomen, making the belly look swollen. Causes include heart failure, liver disease and very low blood protein.
Aspiration pneumonia Disease
Lung infection caused by breathing in vomit, food or liquid. A real risk when oil, ghee or milk is forced into a pet’s mouth. Read more →
AST / SGOT · एएसटी / एसजीओटी Test
An enzyme found in the liver and in muscle. It rises with liver damage but also after muscle injury or seizures, so vets always read it alongside ALT.
Ataxia · लड़खड़ाकर चलना Symptom
Wobbly, uncoordinated walking caused by problems in the brain, spinal cord or inner ear, or by some poisons.
Atopic dermatitis (atopy) · त्वचा की एलर्जी Disease
An inherited skin allergy to dust mites, pollen and moulds. It causes itchy paws, face, ears, armpits and belly, often with ear and skin infections. Read more →
Aural haematoma · कान की झिल्ली में खून भरना Disease
A soft, blood-filled swelling of the ear flap caused by violent head shaking, usually from an ear infection or itch. Read more →
Azolla · अज़ोला Livestock & poultry
A small floating fern grown in shallow pits that is rich in protein and minerals. Small amounts mixed into feed can reduce concentrate costs for cattle, goats and poultry. Read more →
B
Babesiosis · बेबेसियोसिस (टिक बुखार) Disease
A tick-borne blood parasite that destroys red blood cells, causing fever, pale or yellow gums, weakness and red-brown urine. Read more →
Bile acids test · बाइल एसिड टेस्ट Test
Blood samples before and after a meal that show how well the liver is working. It helps diagnose liver shunts in young dogs and liver failure.
Bilious vomiting · पीले झाग की उल्टी Symptom
Vomiting yellow bile, often in the morning on an empty stomach. Read more →
Bilirubin · बिलीरुबिन (पीलिया का पिगमेंट) Test
A yellow pigment from broken-down red blood cells, cleared by the liver. High bilirubin causes jaundice (yellow eyes and gums) and points to red-cell destruction, liver disease or blocked bile flow.
Biopsy · बायोप्सी Test
A small piece of tissue removed and examined under a microscope to give a definite diagnosis, for example of a lump. Read more →
Bird flu (avian influenza) · बर्ड फ्लू Livestock & poultry
A highly contagious viral disease of poultry and wild birds with sudden deaths, swollen heads and drop in eggs. Outbreaks must be reported to the animal husbandry department; some strains can infect people. Read more →
Black quarter (BQ) · लंगड़ा बुखार (बीक्यू) Livestock & poultry
A deadly bacterial disease of young cattle causing high fever, lameness and a swollen, crackling muscle in the hind or front leg. Death can occur within a day; yearly vaccination before the monsoon prevents it. Read more →
Bloat (GDV) · पेट फूलना / पेट मुड़ना Disease
The stomach fills with gas and twists (gastric dilatation-volvulus) in deep-chested dogs. Signs: retching with nothing coming up, swollen belly, restlessness. Needs emergency surgery. Read more →
Bloat (ruminal tympany) · अफारा Livestock & poultry
Gas trapped in the rumen of cattle, buffalo, goats or sheep, often after lush legumes or grain. The left side swells; severe cases are fatal without urgent treatment. Read more →
Blood glucose · ब्लड शुगर (ग्लूकोज़) Test
The sugar level in the blood. Persistently high glucose with sugar in the urine means diabetes; very low glucose causes weakness and fits, especially in toy-breed puppies. Read more →
Blood smear · ब्लड स्मीयर Test
A drop of blood spread on a glass slide, stained and examined under a microscope. It is the quickest test for tick fever parasites, anaemia and abnormal blood cells. Read more →
Blood transfusion · खून चढ़ाना Procedure & care
Blood from a donor animal given to a pet with severe anaemia or bleeding. Dogs and cats have blood groups, and cats must be blood-typed before a transfusion. Read more →
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) / urea · यूरिया Test
A waste product in the blood that rises with kidney disease, dehydration or bleeding in the gut. Read more →
Body condition score (BCS) · शरीर की बनावट का स्कोर Test
A 9-point scale of body fat judged by feeling the ribs and looking at the waist and belly tuck. 4–5 is ideal. Read more →
Brachycephalic · चपटे चेहरे वाली नस्ल Anatomy & breeds
Flat-faced breeds (Pug, Shih Tzu, Bulldog, French Bulldog) with narrow airways, which makes them prone to breathing problems and heat stroke. Read more →
Brooding · ब्रूडिंग (चूज़ों को गर्मी देना) Livestock & poultry
Keeping day-old chicks warm with a heat source for the first 3 to 4 weeks, starting at about 32 to 35°C and lowering it weekly. Poor brooding is the main cause of chick deaths in the first week. Read more →
Brucellosis · ब्रुसेलोसिस Livestock & poultry
A bacterial infection causing abortion and infertility in cattle, buffalo, goats, sheep and dogs. It can spread to people through raw milk and birth fluids.
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Caesarean section (C-section) · सिजेरियन ऑपरेशन Procedure & care
Surgery to deliver puppies or kittens when natural birth fails. It is common in flat-faced breeds such as Bulldogs and Pugs. Read more →
Calcium supplement · कैल्शियम सप्लीमेंट Medicine
Extra calcium in tablets or syrup. Puppies on a complete puppy food do not need it, too much deforms growing bones in large breeds, and it should not be given to pregnant dogs without a vet’s advice.
Calculus (tartar) · दाँतों पर पीली परत Disease
Hard yellow-brown mineral deposit on teeth, formed from plaque. It can only be removed by professional scaling. Read more →
Calf scours · बछड़ों के दस्त Livestock & poultry
Diarrhoea in young calves, caused by infections, poor colostrum intake or overfeeding milk. Calves dehydrate quickly and need oral electrolytes; most deaths in the first month are from scours. Read more →
California mastitis test (CMT) · सीएमटी जाँच (थनैला टेस्ट) Livestock & poultry
A quick farm-side test in which milk from each teat is mixed with a reagent; thickening or gel shows hidden mastitis. Testing every month catches problems before milk yield falls. Read more →
Canine cognitive dysfunction (dog dementia) · कुत्तों में डिमेंशिया Disease
Age-related brain changes that cause night-time restlessness, confusion and house-soiling in senior dogs. Diet, enrichment and medicines can slow it down.
Castration (neutering) · नसबंदी (नर) Procedure & care
Surgical removal of the testicles. It prevents breeding and reduces roaming, marking and some diseases.
Cataract · मोतियाबिंद Disease
Clouding of the eye’s lens causing reduced vision. Common in diabetic dogs; can often be treated surgically.
Cat flu (herpesvirus and calicivirus) · कैट फ्लू (बिल्ली का ज़ुकाम) Disease
The two viruses behind most cat colds, causing sneezing, runny eyes, fever and mouth ulcers. Herpesvirus hides in the body for life and flares up with stress. Read more →
CBC (complete blood count) · खून की पूरी जाँच Test
A blood test counting red cells, white cells and platelets. It detects anaemia, infection, inflammation and tick fever.
CCPP (contagious caprine pleuropneumonia) · बकरियों का संक्रामक फेफड़ा रोग Livestock & poultry
A severe, highly contagious lung infection of goats causing fever, coughing and laboured breathing, often in winter or after transport. Early antibiotics and isolation are essential.
Cerebellar hypoplasia Disease
An underdeveloped cerebellum causing wobbly, high-stepping walking, often from panleukopenia infection before birth in kittens. It does not get worse. Read more →
Cherry eye · चेरी आई (तीसरी पलक की ग्रंथि बाहर आना) Disease
A pink-red lump in the inner corner of the eye when the tear gland of the third eyelid slips out. Surgery puts the gland back rather than removing it, to prevent lifelong dry eye. Read more →
Chronic · पुराना / लंबे समय तक Symptom
Lasting a long time or keeps coming back. The opposite of acute.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) · गुर्दे की पुरानी बीमारी Disease
Slow, permanent loss of kidney function, common in older cats. Signs are increased thirst and urination, weight loss and vomiting. Staged 1–4 (IRIS). Read more →
Coccidiosis · कोक्सीडियोसिस (खूनी दस्त) Disease
A protozoan parasite infection causing diarrhoea, often bloody, in puppies, kittens, calves, kids and chicks. Read more →
Colitis · बड़ी आंत की सूजन Disease
Inflammation of the large intestine causing frequent small stools with mucus or fresh blood, and straining. Read more →
Collapsing trachea · श्वासनली का सिकुड़ना Disease
The rings of the windpipe weaken and flatten, causing a honking, goose-like cough. It is common in Pomeranians and other toy breeds; a harness instead of a collar helps. Read more →
Colostrum · खीस Livestock & poultry
The first milk after birth, rich in antibodies. Newborn calves, kids, puppies and kittens need it within the first hours of life.
Congestive heart failure (CHF) · हृदय की विफलता Disease
The heart cannot pump well, so fluid backs up into the lungs or belly. Signs: cough, fast breathing at rest, tiring easily.
Conjunctivitis · आँख आना Disease
Inflammation of the pink tissue around the eye causing redness, watering or sticky discharge. Common in cat flu. Read more →
Constipation · कब्ज Symptom
Hard, infrequent or difficult stools. In male cats, straining in the litter box may actually be a urinary blockage, which is an emergency.
Coprophagia · मल खाना Symptom
Eating stool, either its own or other animals’. It is common in puppies and can be linked to boredom, hunger, worms or poor digestion.
Corneal ulcer · आँख की पुतली पर घाव Disease
A scratch or erosion on the clear front surface of the eye, causing squinting, tearing and cloudiness. Steroid eye drops can make it much worse. Read more →
Corticosteroids (prednisolone) · स्टेरॉयड (प्रेडनिसोलोन) Medicine
Strong anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressing medicines. They cause thirst, hunger and frequent urination, must not be stopped suddenly after long use, and must never be combined with NSAIDs. Read more →
Cough · खांसी Symptom
A forceful reflex that clears the airways. The sound and timing help find the cause, from kennel cough and tracheal collapse to heart disease and heartworm. Read more →
CRD (chronic respiratory disease) · सीआरडी (मुर्गियों का जुकाम) Livestock & poultry
A Mycoplasma infection of chickens causing sneezing, nasal discharge, swollen face and rattling breathing, often worse in cold weather. Good ventilation, clean litter and vet-advised antibiotics control it. Read more →
Creatinine · क्रिएटिनिन (किडनी टेस्ट) Test
A waste product filtered out by the kidneys. A high creatinine means the kidneys are not filtering well, from dehydration or kidney disease; vets read it with BUN, SDMA and a urine test. Read more →
Cruciate ligament rupture (CCL / ACL tear) · घुटने का लिगामेंट टूटना Disease
A tear of the main stabilising ligament in the knee, the dog version of a human ACL injury. It causes sudden hind-leg lameness, often in overweight Labradors, and usually needs surgery.
Culture and sensitivity · कल्चर एंड सेंसिटिविटी टेस्ट Test
A lab grows the bacteria from urine, an ear, a wound or skin, then tests which antibiotics kill them. It is important for repeat infections and avoids guesswork with antibiotics.
Cushing’s disease (hyperadrenocorticism) Disease
Too much cortisol, usually from a pituitary tumour. Signs: thirst, urination, big appetite, pot belly, panting, hair loss. Treated with trilostane. Read more →
Cyanosis · नीले मसूड़े या जीभ Symptom
A blue or grey colour of the gums or tongue caused by too little oxygen. It is a life-threatening emergency.
Cyst · थैली जैसी गाँठ Disease
A sac filled with fluid or soft material, under the skin or in an organ. Most skin cysts are harmless. Read more →
Cystitis · मूत्राशय की सूजन Disease
Bladder inflammation causing frequent, painful, sometimes bloody urination. In cats it is often stress-related (idiopathic). Read more →
Cystocentesis Test
Collecting urine directly from the bladder with a fine needle through the belly wall. It gives the cleanest sample for culture.
Cytology · कोशिका जाँच Test
Looking at cells from a swab, tape or needle sample under the microscope, for example from ears, skin or lumps.
D
Debeaking (beak trimming) · चोंच काटना (डीबीकिंग) Livestock & poultry
Trimming the tip of a chicken’s beak to reduce feather pecking and cannibalism, usually done in young birds. Proper lighting, space and feed also reduce pecking. Read more →
Dehydration · पानी की कमी Symptom
Loss of body water from vomiting, diarrhoea, heat or illness. Signs: dry, sticky gums, skin that stays tented, sunken eyes. Read more →
Demodicosis (demodectic mange) Disease
Hair loss caused by overgrowth of Demodex mites in hair follicles, mostly in puppies or pets with weak immunity. Not contagious. Read more →
Dental scaling · दाँतों की सफ़ाई (स्केलिंग) Procedure & care
Removal of tartar above and below the gum line under general anaesthesia, followed by polishing. Cleaning an awake pet cannot reach below the gums. Read more →
Dermatophytosis (ringworm) · दाद Disease
A fungal (not worm) skin infection causing round, scaly patches of hair loss. It spreads to people and other pets.
Dewclaw · ड्यूक्लॉ (पैर का अंदरूनी नाखून) Anatomy & breeds
The small extra toe high on the inner side of the leg. Its nail does not wear down on walks and can grow into the pad if not trimmed.
Deworming · पेट के कीड़ों की दवा Procedure & care
Giving medicine to remove intestinal worms. Puppies need it every 2 weeks at first, adults every 1–3 months. Read more →
Diabetes mellitus · मधुमेह (शुगर) Disease
The body cannot control blood sugar because of too little insulin or insulin resistance. Signs: thirst, urination, hunger with weight loss. Dogs need insulin injections. Read more →
Diarrhoea · दस्त / लूज़ मोशन Symptom
Loose or watery stool, often more frequent than usual. Causes include diet changes, worms, infections such as parvo and stress; blood, vomiting or a dull puppy means see a vet the same day. Read more →
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) · डाइफेनहाइड्रामिन (बेनाड्रिल) Medicine
An antihistamine sometimes used for mild allergic reactions in dogs. In India, Benadryl-branded cough syrups contain other ingredients, so never give them without asking your vet. Read more →
Distemper · डिस्टेंपर Disease
A serious viral disease of dogs affecting the eyes, lungs, gut and nerves: discharge, cough, diarrhoea, twitching and seizures. Prevented by vaccination. Read more →
Doxycycline · डॉक्सीसाइक्लिन Medicine
An antibiotic used for tick fever, leptospirosis, kennel cough and some skin infections. Give it with food or water; dry tablets can stick in a cat’s food pipe. Read more →
Dry eye (KCS) · सूखी आँख (केसीएस) Disease
Too few tears, causing thick mucus, redness and a dull-looking eye. It is common in Pugs and Shih Tzus and usually needs lifelong eye drops. Read more →
Dry period · सूखा काल (ड्राई पीरियड) Livestock & poultry
The 45 to 60 days before calving when a cow or buffalo is not milked. It lets the udder rest and rebuild, and skipping it lowers yield in the next lactation and raises mastitis risk. Read more →
Dyspnoea · साँस लेने में तकलीफ़ Symptom
Difficult or laboured breathing. Open-mouth breathing in a cat, blue or grey gums, or a sleeping breathing rate above 30 per minute are emergencies. Read more →
Dystocia · कठिन प्रसव Disease
A difficult birth. Call a vet if strong straining lasts 30 minutes without a baby, or 2–4 hours pass between babies. Read more →
E
ECG (electrocardiogram) · ईसीजी Test
A recording of the heart’s electrical activity, used to detect abnormal rhythms.
Echocardiogram · दिल का अल्ट्रासाउंड Test
An ultrasound scan of the heart that shows its chambers, valves and pumping strength.
Eclampsia (puerperal tetany) Disease
Dangerously low blood calcium in a nursing dog or cat, usually 1–4 weeks after birth: panting, trembling, stiffness, seizures. Emergency. Read more →
E-collar (cone) · ई-कॉलर (कोन) Procedure & care
A cone around the neck that stops a pet licking wounds, stitches or eyes. It is usually needed for 10 to 14 days after surgery.
Ehrlichiosis · एर्लिकियोसिस (टिक बुखार) Disease
A tick-borne bacterial infection that lowers platelets. Signs: fever, poor appetite, nosebleeds, bruising, weight loss. Read more →
ELISA / SNAP test · स्नैप टेस्ट Test
A quick in-clinic test that detects a virus or parasite antigen or antibodies, e.g. for parvo, FeLV/FIV, heartworm and tick diseases. Read more →
Emesis (induced vomiting) · दवा से उल्टी कराना Procedure & care
Vet-given medicine to make a pet vomit after swallowing a poison, ideally within 1–2 hours. Never use salt, oil or peroxide at home. Read more →
Endoscopy · दूरबीन जाँच Test
A thin camera tube passed into the stomach, intestine or airways to look inside, take biopsies or remove some swallowed objects.
Enterotoxaemia (ET) · पेट का ज़हरबाद (ईटी) Livestock & poultry
Overeating disease of goats and sheep caused by bacterial toxins after a sudden change to rich grain or green fodder. Animals die suddenly or show convulsions; vaccination and gradual feed changes prevent it. Read more →
Entropion · पलक अंदर की ओर मुड़ना Disease
The eyelid rolls inward so the lashes rub the eye, causing tears, squinting and ulcers. It usually needs a small surgery. Read more →
Epistaxis · नाक से खून आना Symptom
A nosebleed. In Indian dogs tick fever is a leading cause; others include injury, foreign bodies, rat poison and nasal tumours. Read more →
Euthanasia · इच्छामृत्यु Procedure & care
A humane, painless ending of life by a vet to relieve suffering that cannot be treated.
F
Faecal flotation (stool test) · मल जाँच (कृमि के अंडे) Test
A stool sample is mixed with a special solution so worm eggs and protozoa float up and can be seen under a microscope. Bring a sample less than 12 hours old; one negative test does not rule out all worms.
Fat and SNF (milk quality) · दूध में फैट और एसएनएफ Livestock & poultry
Fat percentage and solids-not-fat (SNF) decide the price dairies pay for milk. Low values usually come from too little green and dry fodder, too much concentrate, mineral deficiency or heat stress. Read more →
FCR (feed conversion ratio) · एफसीआर (दाना रूपांतरण अनुपात) Livestock & poultry
The kilograms of feed a bird needs to gain one kilogram of body weight. A lower FCR means more profit; good broilers reach about 1.6 to 1.8. Read more →
FeLV / FIV Disease
Feline leukaemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus: lifelong viral infections of cats that weaken immunity. Detected with a quick blood test. Read more →
Fenbendazole · फेनबेंडाज़ोल (कृमिनाशक) Medicine
A broad-spectrum dewormer for roundworms, hookworms and whipworms, also used for Giardia. It is very safe, including in puppies and pregnant animals at the right dose. Read more →
Fever (pyrexia) · बुखार Symptom
Body temperature above about 39.2°C (102.5°F) in dogs and cats. Ear touch is not reliable; use a digital thermometer.
Fine-needle aspirate (FNA) · सुई से गाँठ की जाँच Test
A thin needle collects cells from a lump for microscope examination. Quick, inexpensive and usually done without sedation. Read more →
FIP (feline infectious peritonitis) · एफआईपी (बिल्ली का वायरस रोग) Disease
A disease caused by a mutated feline coronavirus, mostly in young cats. It causes fever, a fluid-filled belly or eye and nerve signs; new antiviral drugs now cure most cases.
Flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) · पिस्सू की एलर्जी Disease
An allergy to flea saliva causing intense itching at the lower back and tail base in dogs, and tiny scabs in cats. Read more →
Fluorescein stain · फ्लोरेसिन आई स्टेन Test
An orange eye dye that glows green wherever the cornea is scratched or ulcerated. It should be done before any steroid eye drop is used. Read more →
FLUTD (feline urinary disease) · बिल्ली में पेशाब की बीमारी Disease
Feline lower urinary tract disease covers bladder inflammation, crystals and stones. A male cat straining with little or no urine may be blocked, which can kill within 1 to 3 days. Read more →
Food allergy · खाने से एलर्जी Disease
An immune reaction to a protein in food, commonly chicken, beef, dairy or wheat. It causes year-round itching and ear infections and is diagnosed with an 8-week elimination diet. Read more →
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) · खुरपका-मुँहपका Livestock & poultry
A highly contagious viral disease of cattle, buffalo, goats and pigs: fever, mouth and foot blisters, drooling, lameness, milk drop. Free government vaccine. Read more →
Foreign body · पेट में अटकी चीज़ Disease
A swallowed object (sock, bone, stone, toy, mango stone) stuck in the gut. Signs: repeated vomiting, not eating, belly pain. Read more →
Fowl pox · मुर्गियों की चेचक Livestock & poultry
A viral disease spread by mosquitoes, causing wart-like scabs on the comb and wattles or yellow patches in the mouth and throat. Wing-web vaccination prevents it. Read more →
Furosemide · फ्यूरोसेमाइड (पानी निकालने की दवा) Medicine
A diuretic that removes fluid from the lungs or belly in heart failure. Pets drink and urinate more while taking it.
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Gabapentin · गाबापेंटिन Medicine
A nerve-pain and calming medicine used in dogs and cats for arthritis pain, after surgery and before stressful vet visits. It can cause sleepiness and wobbliness, and some human liquid forms contain xylitol. Read more →
Gastroenteritis · उल्टी-दस्त Disease
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines causing vomiting and diarrhoea. Read more →
Giardiasis · जिआर्डिया Disease
A microscopic parasite causing smelly, greasy or mucousy diarrhoea, often in puppies and kittens. Routine dewormers may not clear it. Read more →
Gingivitis · मसूड़ों की सूजन Disease
Red, swollen, bleeding gums caused by plaque bacteria. The first, reversible stage of dental disease. Read more →
Glaucoma · काला मोतिया Disease
Raised pressure inside the eye causing a painful, red, cloudy or bulging eye. An emergency that can cause blindness within hours.
Goat pox and sheep pox · बकरी / भेड़ की माता (चेचक) Livestock & poultry
Viral diseases causing fever and pox lesions on the skin, especially on hairless areas, with high death rates in young animals. Yearly vaccination and isolating sick animals control spread. Read more →
Gumboro disease (IBD) · गम्बोरो रोग Livestock & poultry
A viral disease of young chickens, usually at 3 to 6 weeks, that damages the immune system. Birds become dull, ruffled and have watery white diarrhoea; vaccination of chicks prevents it. Read more →
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Haematochezia · मल में ताज़ा लाल खून Symptom
Fresh red blood in or on the stool, usually from the colon or rectum. Mild colitis, worms and stress are common causes, but large amounts need urgent care. Read more →
Haematuria · पेशाब में खून Symptom
Blood in the urine, making it pink, red or brown. Common causes are bladder infection and stones; in a male cat it can come with a urinary blockage, which is an emergency. Read more →
Haemoglobin (Hb) · हीमोग्लोबिन (Hb) Test
The oxygen-carrying protein inside red blood cells. A low Hb means anaemia, which in Indian dogs most often follows tick fever, hookworms or blood loss. Read more →
Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) · गलघोंटू Livestock & poultry
An acute bacterial disease of cattle and buffalo with high fever, throat swelling and breathing difficulty, often fatal. Vaccinate before the monsoon.
Hairball (trichobezoar) · बालों का गोला Symptom
A tube-shaped wad of swallowed hair that a cat vomits up. An occasional hairball is normal; frequent hairballs or gagging with nothing coming up need a vet. Read more →
Halitosis · मुँह से बदबू Symptom
Bad breath. It is most often caused by tartar and gum disease; a sweet or ammonia-like smell can point to diabetes or kidney failure. Read more →
HCM (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) · बिल्ली के दिल की दीवार मोटी होना Disease
The most common heart disease in cats, in which the heart muscle thickens. Many cats show no signs until sudden breathing trouble or hind-leg paralysis from a blood clot.
Head pressing · सिर दीवार से दबाना Symptom
A pet pressing its head against a wall or corner for no reason. It is a serious sign of a brain problem, such as toxins from liver disease, poisoning or a brain tumour, and needs a vet the same day.
Heartworm (dirofilariasis) · हार्टवर्म Disease
Worms spread by mosquitoes that live in the heart and lung arteries, causing cough, tiredness and heart failure. Prevented by monthly medicine. Read more →
Heat stroke (hyperthermia) · लू लगना Disease
Dangerously high body temperature (above 40°C) from heat. Heavy panting, drooling, collapse. Cool with room-temperature water and go to a vet. Read more →
Hepatic lipidosis (fatty liver) · बिल्ली का फैटी लिवर Disease
A serious liver disease in cats that stop eating for a few days, especially overweight cats. Fat floods the liver and causes jaundice; early feeding support saves most cats. Read more →
Hip dysplasia · कूल्हे का विकार Disease
Abnormal development of the hip joint causing looseness, pain and arthritis, mainly in large breeds. Read more →
Hot spot (acute moist dermatitis) Disease
A sudden, red, wet, painful patch of skin caused by licking and scratching, often from fleas or allergy. Read more →
Hydatid disease (echinococcosis) · हाइडैटिड रोग Disease
Cysts in the liver or lungs of livestock and people, caused by tapeworm eggs from dogs fed raw offal. Prevent by cooking offal and deworming dogs. Read more →
Hyperthyroidism Disease
An overactive thyroid in older cats: weight loss despite a big appetite, vomiting, hyperactivity, fast heart rate.
Hypoallergenic breeds · कम एलर्जी वाली नस्लें Anatomy & breeds
Breeds that shed less or produce fewer allergens, such as Poodles and Shih Tzus, or Siberian and Devon Rex cats. No dog or cat is completely allergy-free.
Hypoglycaemia · शुगर कम होना Disease
Low blood sugar causing weakness, trembling, confusion and seizures. Seen in toy puppies, diabetic pets on insulin and xylitol poisoning. Read more →
Hypothyroidism Disease
An underactive thyroid in dogs: weight gain, laziness, cold intolerance, hair loss and skin infections. Treated with daily thyroid tablets.
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Icterus (jaundice) · पीलिया Symptom
Yellow gums, eyes or skin due to liver disease, bile duct blockage or destruction of red blood cells (e.g. babesiosis).
IMHA (immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia) · प्रतिरक्षा जनित एनीमिया Disease
The immune system destroys the body’s own red blood cells, causing pale or yellow gums and weakness. It can follow infections such as tick fever. Read more →
Indie dog (Indian pariah dog) · देसी कुत्ता (इंडी) Anatomy & breeds
India’s native landrace dog: medium-sized, short-coated, heat-tolerant and usually very healthy. Indies make excellent family pets and need the same vaccines and deworming as any dog. Read more →
Infectious canine hepatitis · संक्रामक हेपेटाइटिस (कुत्तों में) Disease
A viral liver disease of dogs caused by canine adenovirus-1, causing fever, belly pain and sometimes a blue, cloudy eye. The ‘H’ in the DHPPi vaccine protects against it. Read more →
Infectious coryza · मुर्गियों का कोरिज़ा (नाक बहना) Livestock & poultry
A bacterial infection of chickens causing a swollen face, foul-smelling nasal discharge and a drop in egg production. It spreads through shared water and carrier birds. Read more →
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Disease
Chronic inflammation of the intestines causing long-term vomiting, diarrhoea or weight loss. Diagnosed by biopsy.
Isoxazolines Medicine
Modern flea and tick tablets or spot-ons (fluralaner, afoxolaner, sarolaner, lotilaner) that also treat mange and ear mites. Read more →
IVDD (slipped disc) · स्लिप डिस्क Disease
A spinal disc bulges or bursts and presses on the spinal cord, causing back pain, wobbly legs or paralysis. Dachshunds, Shih Tzus and Beagles are at high risk. Read more →
Ivermectin · आइवरमेक्टिन Medicine
An anti-parasite medicine used for mange and heartworm prevention. An overdose, especially in Collie-type breeds or when given by non-vets, can cause blindness, tremors and coma. Read more →
IV fluid therapy (drip) · ड्रिप (आईवी फ्लूइड) Procedure & care
Fluids given into a vein through a cannula to correct dehydration, shock or low blood pressure. It is life-saving in parvovirus, AHDS and kidney failure. Read more →
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Kennel cough · केनेल खाँसी Disease
A contagious respiratory infection with a dry, honking cough, often after contact with other dogs. Read more →
Ketosis (acetonaemia) · कीटोसिस Livestock & poultry
A metabolic disorder of high-yielding cows soon after calving: poor appetite, milk drop, sweet-smelling breath.
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Lameness · लंगड़ाना Symptom
Limping, or not putting full weight on a leg. Causes range from a thorn or nail injury to fractures, ligament tears, hip dysplasia and tick fever joint pain. Read more →
Leishmaniasis · कुत्तों में काला-अज़ार Disease
A sandfly-borne parasite reported in parts of India that causes weight loss, skin sores, nosebleeds and kidney damage in dogs. It can also affect people.
Leptospirosis · लेप्टोस्पायरोसिस Disease
A bacterial infection spread in rat urine and flood water, damaging kidneys and liver. It spreads to people. Vaccinate dogs, especially before the monsoon. Read more →
Lethargy · सुस्ती Symptom
Unusual tiredness, dullness or lack of interest. Together with not eating it often signals illness. Read more →
Lipoma · चर्बी की गाँठ Disease
A soft, movable, benign fatty lump under the skin, common in older and overweight dogs. Confirm with an FNA. Read more →
Lokivetmab (Cytopoint) · लोकिवेटमैब (साइटोपॉइंट इंजेक्शन) Medicine
A monthly injection that neutralises one itch-signalling molecule in allergic dogs. It is given at the clinic and has very few side effects.
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) · लम्पी त्वचा रोग Livestock & poultry
A viral disease of cattle spread by insects, with fever and firm nodules all over the skin, plus milk drop. Vaccination controls it. Read more →
Luxating patella · घुटने की कटोरी खिसकना Disease
The kneecap slips out of its groove, causing skipping or holding up a hind leg. It is very common in Pomeranians, Chihuahuas and other toy breeds.
Lymphadenopathy · गिल्टियाँ सूजना Symptom
Enlarged lymph nodes, felt under the jaw, in front of the shoulders or behind the knees. Causes range from infections and tick fever to lymphoma. Read more →
Lymphoma Disease
A cancer of lymphocytes, often showing as several firm, painless swellings under the jaw and behind the knees.
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Malassezia · यीस्ट संक्रमण Disease
A yeast that overgrows on allergic skin and in ears, causing greasy, smelly, itchy skin and brown ear wax. Flares in the monsoon. Read more →
Mammary tumour · स्तन की गाँठ (ट्यूमर) Disease
A lump in the breast tissue, common in unspayed female dogs and cats. About half in dogs and most in cats are cancerous; early spaying greatly lowers the risk.
Mange (sarcoptic, scabies) · खुजली / कारिश Disease
A very itchy, contagious skin disease caused by burrowing mites, with crusts on ear tips, elbows and belly. Can cause temporary itchy bites in people. Read more →
Marek’s disease · मैरेक्स रोग Livestock & poultry
A viral disease of chickens that causes tumours and paralysis, often with one leg forward and one back. Chicks must be vaccinated on the first day at the hatchery; there is no treatment. Read more →
Maropitant (Cerenia) · मैरोपिटेंट (उल्टी रोकने की दवा) Medicine
A veterinary anti-vomiting medicine used for gastroenteritis, pancreatitis and car sickness.
Mast cell tumour Disease
The most common skin cancer in dogs. It can look like any lump and may swell and shrink. Always aspirate new lumps. Read more →
Mastitis · थनैला Livestock & poultry
Infection and inflammation of the udder causing swelling, pain, clots or blood in milk and reduced yield. Read more →
Megacolon · बड़ी आँत का फैल जाना (बिल्ली) Disease
The colon becomes permanently stretched and stops pushing stool along, causing severe, repeated constipation in cats. Read more →
Megaoesophagus · भोजन नली का फैल जाना Disease
The food pipe becomes floppy and enlarged, so food sits in it and comes back up undigested (regurgitation). Pets are fed upright and are at risk of aspiration pneumonia.
Melena · काला, तारकोल जैसा मल Symptom
Black, sticky, tar-like stool caused by digested blood from the stomach or small intestine. It can follow ulcers from human painkillers, tick fever or rat poison and needs a vet promptly. Read more →
Microchip · माइक्रोचिप Procedure & care
A rice-grain-sized ID chip injected under the skin and read by a scanner, so lost pets can be returned.
Milk fever (hypocalcaemia) · दुग्ध ज्वर Livestock & poultry
Low blood calcium in cows and buffalo around calving: weakness, cold ears, unable to stand. Needs urgent IV calcium. Read more →
Mineral mixture · मिनरल मिक्सचर Livestock & poultry
A powdered supplement of calcium, phosphorus and trace minerals added to cattle feed. It improves milk yield, fertility and heat signs; most Indian rations are short of minerals without it. Read more →
Murmur · दिल में असामान्य आवाज़ Symptom
An extra “whooshing” heart sound heard with a stethoscope, caused by turbulent blood flow. May be harmless or a sign of heart disease.
Myiasis (maggot wound) · कीड़े पड़ा घाव Disease
Fly larvae infesting a wound or moist skin, common in summer and monsoon. Needs vet cleaning and medicine. Never pour kerosene, phenyl or turpentine into the wound.
Myoclonus · लगातार मांसपेशियों के झटके Symptom
Rhythmic, repeated twitching of a muscle group that continues even during sleep. In India it is a classic after-effect of canine distemper. Read more →
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Nail trimming · नाखून काटना Procedure & care
Cutting a pet’s nails short enough that they do not touch the floor when standing. Avoid the pink quick inside the nail, which bleeds; dark nails are trimmed in small slices.
Navel ill · नाभि का संक्रमण Livestock & poultry
Infection of the umbilical cord stump in newborn calves, kids and lambs, causing a hot, swollen, painful navel and sometimes joint swelling. Dipping the navel in iodine soon after birth prevents it. Read more →
Nebulisation · भाप/दवा की भाप Procedure & care
Breathing in medicine or saline as a fine mist to loosen mucus and treat airway disease.
NSAID · दर्द-निवारक (सूजन-रोधी) Medicine
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory painkiller. Vet NSAIDs (meloxicam, carprofen) are dosed for animals; human ones like ibuprofen and diclofenac can be dangerous. Read more →
NT-proBNP · एनटी-प्रोबीएनपी (हृदय टेस्ट) Test
A blood test for a hormone released by a stretched, struggling heart. It helps tell heart disease from lung disease and screens cats for hidden heart disease.
Nystagmus · आँखों का हिलना Symptom
Rapid, flicking eye movements, often with head tilt and loss of balance, from inner-ear or brain problems.
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Obesity · मोटापा Disease
Excess body fat (body condition score 8–9 of 9) that shortens life and causes arthritis, diabetes and breathing problems. Read more →
Obligate carnivore · पूर्ण मांसाहारी Anatomy & breeds
An animal, like the cat, that must get key nutrients such as taurine and vitamin A from animal tissue. Cats cannot stay healthy on a vegetarian diet. Read more →
Oclacitinib (Apoquel) · ओक्लासिटिनिब (एपोक्वेल) Medicine
A tablet that blocks the itch signal in allergic dogs, often working within hours. It is not used in dogs under 12 months of age. Read more →
Oedema · सूजन (पानी भरना) Symptom
Swelling from fluid collecting in the tissues, often in the legs, belly or face. Causes include low blood protein, heart failure, allergic reactions and snake bite.
Oestrus (heat) in cattle · गर्मी / हीट (पशुओं में) Livestock & poultry
The period when a cow or buffalo is ready to be bred. Signs include bellowing, restlessness, mounting other animals, clear stringy mucus and a drop in milk; AI is best done about 12 hours after heat is first seen. Read more →
Omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) · ओमेगा-3 (फिश ऑयल) Medicine
EPA and DHA from marine fish oil, used for itchy skin, joint pain and heart and kidney support. Use pet-specific doses; human capsules vary in strength.
Oral rehydration solution (ORS) · ओआरएस Medicine
A balanced salt and sugar solution to replace fluids in mild dehydration, offered in small sips. Not a substitute for IV fluids in sick pets. Read more →
Osteosarcoma · हड्डी का कैंसर Disease
An aggressive bone cancer mostly seen in large and giant breeds, often near the wrist, shoulder or knee. It causes lameness and a hard swelling and spreads early to the lungs.
Otitis · कान का संक्रमण Disease
Ear inflammation or infection (externa = outer canal, media = middle ear). Signs: head shaking, scratching, smell, discharge. Read more →
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Pancreatitis · अग्न्याशय की सूजन Disease
Painful inflammation of the pancreas, often after fatty food. Signs: repeated vomiting, belly pain, not eating, “praying” posture. Read more →
Panleukopenia · बिल्लियों का पार्वो Disease
A highly contagious, often fatal parvovirus of cats causing fever, vomiting, diarrhoea and very low white cells. Prevented by vaccination. Read more →
Papilloma · मस्सा Disease
A wart caused by a virus, often in or around the mouths of young dogs. Usually goes away in a few months. Read more →
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) · पैरासिटामोल (क्रोसिन/डोलो) Medicine
A human fever and pain medicine. Even one tablet can kill a cat by destroying red blood cells and the liver, and dogs are easily overdosed. Read more →
Parvovirus · पार्वो Disease
A highly contagious virus of dogs causing severe vomiting and bloody diarrhoea, especially in unvaccinated puppies. Needs intensive treatment. Read more →
Pashu Aadhaar (ear tag) · पशु आधार (कान का टैग) Livestock & poultry
A 12-digit unique ID on a yellow ear tag given to cattle and buffaloes under the government’s INAPH system. It is needed for free vaccination records, insurance and many schemes. Read more →
PCR test · पीसीआर टेस्ट Test
A test that detects the genetic material of a germ, such as distemper virus, tick fever organisms or Leptospira. It is very sensitive and helps confirm infections early. Read more →
PCV / haematocrit · पीसीवी / हीमाटोक्रिट Test
The percentage of blood made up of red cells, measured in a thin tube. About 37 to 55 percent is normal in dogs; low means anaemia, while a very high value with low protein suggests severe dehydration or AHDS. Read more →
Permethrin · परमेथ्रिन Medicine
An insecticide in many dog tick and flea products. It is safe for dogs at the right dose but highly toxic to cats, causing drooling, tremors and seizures. Read more →
Petechiae · त्वचा पर लाल बिंदु Symptom
Tiny pin-point red spots on the gums, belly skin or eyes caused by bleeding under the surface. They usually mean low platelets, often from tick fever. Read more →
Pica · मिट्टी/दीवार खाना Symptom
Eating non-food things such as soil, plaster, stones or cloth. Can be linked to anaemia, worms, diet gaps or behaviour. Read more →
Pimobendan · पिमोबेंडान Medicine
A heart medicine that helps the heart pump more strongly and widens blood vessels. It is a mainstay of treatment for heart failure from mitral valve disease and DCM.
Platelet count · प्लेटलेट काउंट Test
Platelets are tiny cells that plug leaks in blood vessels. A low count (thrombocytopenia) causes nosebleeds, red spots on the skin and black stool, and in India is most often caused by tick fever. Read more →
Pneumonia · निमोनिया Disease
Lung infection or inflammation causing cough, fast or difficult breathing, fever and lethargy.
Polydipsia / polyuria (PU/PD) · ज़्यादा प्यास / ज़्यादा पेशाब Symptom
Drinking and urinating more than normal (over about 100 ml water per kg per day). Causes include diabetes, kidney disease, Cushing’s and pyometra. Read more →
Polyphagia · बहुत ज़्यादा भूख लगना Symptom
An abnormally large appetite. It can be caused by diabetes, Cushing’s disease, hyperthyroidism in cats, worms or steroid medicines.
PPR (goat plague) · पीपीआर / बकरी प्लेग Livestock & poultry
A highly contagious viral disease of goats and sheep: fever, eye and nose discharge, mouth sores, diarrhoea, pneumonia. Free vaccine available. Read more →
Praziquantel · प्राज़िक्वान्टेल (फीताकृमि की दवा) Medicine
The main medicine against tapeworms, including the flea tapeworm. It is included in many combination dewormers for dogs and cats. Read more →
Probiotic · प्रोबायोटिक Medicine
Live, helpful bacteria given to support gut health, for example during diarrhoea or a course of antibiotics. Choose products made for pets.
Prognosis · रोग का संभावित परिणाम Procedure & care
The expected outcome of a disease (good, guarded or poor).
Proptosis · आँख बाहर निकल आना Symptom
The eyeball is pushed forward out of its socket, often after a fight, fall or tight grip on the neck, especially in Pugs and Shih Tzus. Keep the eye moist and go to a vet immediately. Read more →
Proton pump inhibitors (pantoprazole, omeprazole) · एसिडिटी की दवा (पैंटोप्राज़ोल) Medicine
Medicines that reduce stomach acid, used for ulcers, reflux and stomach damage from NSAIDs. Use only the dose your vet prescribes.
Pruritus · खुजली Symptom
The medical word for itching. Common causes are fleas, ticks, mange, food or environmental allergy and fungal infection. Read more →
Ptyalism · अत्यधिक लार टपकना Symptom
Excessive drooling. Common causes are mouth pain, nausea, toxic plants such as the money plant, and poisoning. Read more →
Pyoderma · त्वचा का बैक्टीरियल संक्रमण Disease
A bacterial skin infection with pimples, pustules, crusts and circular scaly rings, usually secondary to allergy or parasites. Read more →
Pyometra · बच्चेदानी में मवाद Disease
A life-threatening womb infection in unspayed females, usually 2–8 weeks after heat: thirst, vomiting, lethargy, with or without discharge. Needs emergency surgery. Read more →
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Rabies · रेबीज़ Disease
A fatal viral infection of the brain spread by bites from infected animals; it also kills people. Prevented by vaccination; after any bite, wash the wound and see a doctor. Read more →
Ranikhet disease (Newcastle disease) · रानीखेत Livestock & poultry
A highly contagious viral disease of chickens with breathing signs, green diarrhoea, twisted necks and sudden deaths. Prevented by vaccination. Read more →
Regurgitation · बिना जोर लगाए खाना बाहर आना Symptom
Passive bringing up of undigested food without heaving, often from food-pipe problems. Different from vomiting. Read more →
Repeat breeding · बार-बार गर्मी में आना Livestock & poultry
A cow or buffalo that comes back into heat after 3 or more inseminations without conceiving. Read more →
Retained placenta · जेर न गिरना Livestock & poultry
Afterbirth not expelled within about 12–24 hours of calving. Needs vet care; do not pull it forcefully. Read more →
Reverse sneezing · उल्टी छींक Symptom
Loud, rapid snorting breaths pulled in through the nose for a few seconds, common in Pugs and Shih Tzus. It is usually harmless and stops on its own. Read more →
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Saddle thrombus (FATE) · पिछली टाँगों में खून का थक्का (बिल्ली) Disease
A blood clot from the heart that blocks blood flow to a cat’s hind legs, causing sudden painful paralysis with cold paws. It is an emergency.
Schirmer tear test · शिर्मर टियर टेस्ट Test
A paper strip placed in the lower eyelid for one minute to measure tear production. A reading below about 10 mm suggests dry eye (KCS). Read more →
Scooting · ज़मीन पर पीछा घसीटना Symptom
Dragging the bottom along the floor. It usually means itching or discomfort from full anal glands, worms, allergies or stool stuck to the fur. Read more →
SDMA Test
A newer kidney blood test that rises earlier than creatinine, helping detect kidney disease sooner. Read more →
Seizure · दौरा / मिर्गी Symptom
Sudden uncontrolled activity of the brain causing falling, paddling, jaw chomping, drooling or loss of consciousness. Time it and keep hands away from the mouth. Read more →
Sepsis Disease
A life-threatening body-wide response to infection, causing fever or low temperature, fast heart rate and collapse.
Silage · साइलेज (हरे चारे का अचार) Livestock & poultry
Green fodder such as maize or sorghum chopped and packed airtight so it ferments and keeps for months. It provides green feed in summer and winter when fresh fodder is scarce.
Silymarin (liver support) · सिलीमरिन (लिवर टॉनिक) Medicine
An extract of milk thistle given as a liver supplement, often with SAMe. It supports liver cells but does not replace treating the cause of liver disease.
Skin scraping · स्किन स्क्रैपिंग Test
A blade gently scrapes the skin surface and the material is examined under a microscope for mange mites. Deep scrapings are needed to find Demodex. Read more →
Spaying (ovariohysterectomy) · नसबंदी (मादा) Procedure & care
Surgical removal of the ovaries and uterus. Prevents pregnancy, heats, pyometra and most mammary tumours.
Spec cPL / SNAP cPL Test
Pancreas-specific lipase blood tests used to diagnose pancreatitis in dogs. Read more →
Stomatitis · मुँह की सूजन Disease
Painful inflammation of the mouth lining, common in cats with FIV or calicivirus and in kidney failure.
Subclinical mastitis · छिपा हुआ थनैला Livestock & poultry
Udder infection with no visible change in the milk or udder, but higher cell counts and lower yield. It is far more common than visible mastitis and is found with the CMT or a somatic cell count. Read more →
Subcutaneous fluids · त्वचा के नीचे ड्रिप Procedure & care
Fluids injected under the skin, sometimes given at home to cats with kidney disease. Read more →
Surra (trypanosomiasis) · सर्रा रोग Livestock & poultry
A blood parasite spread by biting flies to cattle, buffaloes, horses, camels and dogs. It causes fever, anaemia, weight loss, swelling and nervous signs, and needs prompt veterinary treatment.
Sutures (stitches) · टांके Procedure & care
Threads used to close a wound or surgical cut, removed after about 10 to 14 days unless they dissolve. Licking can open them, so an E-collar is usually needed.
Syncope · बेहोश होकर गिरना Symptom
Fainting: a brief collapse, often during exercise or excitement, with quick recovery. It is commonly caused by heart rhythm problems or heart disease.
T
T4 (thyroid test) · टी4 (थायरॉइड टेस्ट) Test
Measures thyroid hormone in the blood. A low T4 with matching signs suggests hypothyroidism in dogs, and a high T4 confirms hyperthyroidism in older cats; illness and some medicines can lower T4, so vets may confirm with further tests.
Tachycardia / tachypnoea · तेज़ धड़कन / तेज़ साँस Symptom
A fast heart rate / fast breathing rate. A resting breathing rate over about 30–35 per minute is worth checking. Read more →
Temperature-humidity index (THI) · टीएचआई (गर्मी का तनाव सूचकांक) Livestock & poultry
A combined measure of heat and humidity used to judge heat stress in livestock. Buffaloes and crossbred cows start losing milk and fertility once the THI rises above about 72. Read more →
Tenesmus · बार-बार ज़ोर लगाना Symptom
Straining again and again to pass stool or urine with little result. In a straining cat, always rule out a urinary blockage first. Read more →
Theileriosis · थाइलेरिया (पशुओं का टिक बुखार) Livestock & poultry
A tick-borne blood parasite of cattle, especially crossbred cows, causing high fever, swollen lymph nodes, anaemia and a sharp fall in milk. It is treated with buparvaquone and prevented by tick control and vaccination.
Theobromine Medicine
The chemical in chocolate that is poisonous to dogs and cats. Darker chocolate contains more. Read more →
Third eyelid (nictitating membrane) · तीसरी पलक Anatomy & breeds
A protective fold in the inner corner of the eye that holds a tear gland. It becomes visible with cherry eye, illness or pain. Read more →
Tick fever · टिक बुखार Disease
The common name in India for tick-borne infections (Ehrlichia, Babesia, Anaplasma, Hepatozoon) causing fever, anaemia and low platelets. Read more →
Tick paralysis · टिक से लकवा Disease
Weakness that starts in the hind legs and spreads forward, caused by a toxin in tick saliva. It usually reverses once all ticks are removed. Read more →
TLC and DLC (white cell counts) · टीएलसी / डीएलसी (सफेद रक्त कोशिकाएँ) Test
TLC is the total white blood cell count and DLC splits it into types such as neutrophils and lymphocytes. High counts suggest infection or inflammation; very low counts are typical of parvovirus. Read more →
Toxocariasis Disease
Roundworm infection. In dogs it causes pot bellies and poor growth in pups; in children, swallowed eggs can damage the liver or eyes. Read more →
Toxoplasmosis · टॉक्सोप्लाज़मोसिस Disease
A parasite infection spread mainly by undercooked meat and soil, and only occasionally by fresh cat stool. Pregnant women do not need to give up their cat; daily litter cleaning with gloves and handwashing prevent infection.
TPLO surgery · टीपीएलओ सर्जरी Procedure & care
An operation for a torn knee ligament in dogs, in which the shin bone is cut and rotated so the knee stays stable without the ligament.
Tramadol · ट्रामाडोल Medicine
A pain medicine sometimes used in dogs and cats. Human combination tablets that also contain paracetamol are deadly to cats and harmful to dogs.
Transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) Disease
A contagious tumour of dogs spread by mating and licking, with bleeding cauliflower-like masses on the genitals. Responds well to chemotherapy. Read more →
Tremors · कंपकंपी Symptom
Rhythmic shaking of part or all of the body while the pet stays aware. Causes include cold, fear, pain, low blood sugar, low calcium and poisoning. Read more →
U
Ultrasound (sonography) · सोनोग्राफी Test
A painless scan using sound waves to see organs, pregnancy, bladder stones and fluid.
Umbilical hernia · नाभि का हर्निया Disease
A soft swelling at the belly button where the abdominal wall did not close fully. Small ones are often harmless; larger ones are usually repaired during spaying or neutering.
Urinalysis · पेशाब की जाँच Test
Testing urine for concentration, protein, sugar, blood, crystals and infection.
Urine specific gravity (USG) · यूरिन स्पेसिफिक ग्रेविटी Test
Shows how concentrated the urine is. Dilute urine in a pet that is dehydrated is an early sign of kidney disease, diabetes, Cushing’s disease or pyometra. Read more →
Urolith (bladder stone) · पथरी Disease
A stone in the bladder or urethra (struvite, calcium oxalate and others). Can cause blood in urine or blockage. Read more →
Uterine prolapse · बच्चेदानी बाहर निकलना Livestock & poultry
The uterus turns inside out and comes out through the vulva, usually within hours of calving. It is an emergency: keep the uterus clean and moist, raise it on a clean wet sheet and call a vet immediately. Read more →
V
Vaccine (core / non-core) · टीका Procedure & care
Core vaccines protect every pet against serious common diseases (rabies, parvo, distemper; panleukopenia in cats). Non-core vaccines depend on lifestyle. Read more →
Vomiting · उल्टी Symptom
Forceful bringing up of stomach contents with heaving of the belly. A single episode is common, but repeated vomiting, blood or vomiting with diarrhoea needs a vet. Read more →
X
X-ray (radiograph) · एक्स-रे Test
An image of bones, chest and abdomen used to find fractures, swallowed objects, stones, heart and lung problems.
Xylitol Medicine
A sugar substitute in some sugar-free gum, sweets and peanut butters. It causes dangerously low blood sugar and liver failure in dogs. Read more →
Z
Zoonosis · पशुजन्य रोग Disease
A disease that can pass between animals and people, such as rabies, leptospirosis, ringworm, scabies, roundworm, hydatid and brucellosis.
How to use this dictionary
Type part of a word (for example "kidney", "SNAP" or "टिक") to filter instantly, or tap a category such as Tests to see every lab test explained. Definitions are short and practical. For diagnosis and treatment, always talk to your vet. Missing a term? Send it to us through Ask the Vet and we will add it.